1.
Good
abstract is important because before people read the writing we definitely see
the abstract first. If the abstract we write is good, there will be many
readers who are interested. Therefore the existence of abstract is important.
Good abstract can be known from ourselves as the point of view of the reader.
From there we can see how worthy our writing is for our readers. Here are some
good ways to make abstract:
1.
Start
writing abtact
a.
Write
your article first. Altought it is located at the beginning, the abstract
serves as a summary of all research papers. Abstract becomes an overview and
all the things in the research writing.
b.
Review
and understand the things that need to be writen in the abstract section.
Articles that are written may have specific requirement regarding publication
or for a teacher in learning.
c.
Concider
the reader. Abstract help readers understand your work. With abstracts the
reader can consider whether the article is in accordance with their interests
or interests.
d.
Determine
the type of abstract. There are two main types of abstracts, namely descriptive
abstract and informative abstract. Descriptive abstract are usually use for
shorter writing. While informative abstracts are used for much longer writing.
2.
Writing
abstract
a.
Identify
research objectives. The reader wants to know the purpose and or reason for
writing a research article. About how important your writing is and why readers
should complete your research article.
b.
Explain
the problem that occurred. Think of it as a specific problem that is the
purpouse of your research.
c.
Explain
the method used. In this section you can provide an overview of how to solve
problems in your research.
d.
Write
a conclusion. In conclusions, state the meaning of your finding as important as
the entire contents of the research article.
3.
Arrange
an abstract
a.
Arrange
the abstract neatly. Abstracts must be in accordance with all the essai formats
you write. In general, includes introduction, contents, conclusions.
b.
Provide
useful in formation. An abstract must provide useful explanations about your
research article.
c.
Write
from the scibbled results. Don’t copy quotes directly from your article and
avoid rewriting your own sentence from any part of the article.
d.
Use
phrases and key words. The reader will search for specific keywords in the
database online (network) in the hope that what they are looking for can
appear. Try using 5-10 phrases or keywords about research in your abstract.
e.
Use
the actual information. Don’t make your readers interested by giving references
that are not found in your research. That can make readers misunderstand and
can reduce the number of your readers.
f.
Avoid
writing that is too specific. Abstract is a summary that containts references
not about defining terms in detail. Therefore avoid an explanation that is too
detailed in the summary and write an overview of your research in outline.
g.
Be
sure to make basic revisions. Abstract is writing that must be corrected before
completion. Re-check if there are errors and make sure the abstract is arranged
properly.
h.
Get
feedback from someone. To find out whether the abstract you wrote is good is to
ask someone to read your writing. Look for people how know anything about your
research project. Ask him to give an opinion.
2. Understanding facts and opinions.
Fact is that
everything that is captured by the human senses or data on real conditions that
are proven and have become a reality or can be said to be facts is something
that really happened, and can be stated truth.
Opinion is an
opinion, idea or thought to explain certain trends or preferences towards
perspectives and ideologies but is not objective because it has not yet
obtained certainty or testing, it can also be a statement about something that
applies to the future and its truth or error and cannot be directly determined.
The following
are differences in fact and opinion.
Fact:
-
Can
be verified
-
Have
accurate data
-
Have
a reliable sourse
-
The
fact is objective
-
Fact
is something that happened
-
Has
supporting data that prove the truth
-
Fact
is a certainty
-
The
fact is acknowledged by everyone
Opinion:
-
The
thruth cannot be distinguished
-
Have
less accurate data
-
Have
a source that is less reliable
-
Opini
tends to be subjective
-
Opini
tends to be something that hasn’t happened yet
-
No
have supporting data
-
This
is an uncertainty
-
Opini
is not recognized by everyone
3. Make an abtract
Title:
Exploring the History of the Patterned Malay in West Kalimantan
Abstract:
This paper is a
thought that aims to provide new discourse and learning. Especially related to
historical learning resources for teachers and students. Especially in the
history of Islam in Indonesia. From the many references or sources of discourse
that exist, what we know is only a small part of the learning outcomes that we
get. What is prioritized is what is often taught in the education system. So
far what we know is that the history of Islam in Indonesia is synonymuos with
the Kingdom of Demak and Java. Even though history at the time of Islam in
Indonesia was not only about the big kingdom, the power of Islam or the island
of Java alone. Even outside Java, there are also many Islamic Kingdoms that
have sultanate, royal and Malay-style streams in the archipelago. So far, the
education system only uses existing print source references even every year
using only the same learning resources.
With this
writing, it is expected to be able to open up boarder insights about the history
of an empire outside Java. About its existence and development since the
kingdom stood up to the present. Can add references and lists of Islamic
empires that once stood in the archipelago. And can give us insight that the
Kingdom of Sanggau existed and had a history of its time.
Keywords:
historical learning resources, explore history, Malay-style kingdom.
Reference
source:
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